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Published on: May 9, 2018
CircRNA: a rising therapeutic strategy for lung injury induced by pulmonary toxicants
Cai Liao1, Zhen-Wei He2, Rui Yu1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
Abstract:
Lung injury has been a serious medical problem that requires new therapeutic approaches and biomarkers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that exist widely in eukaryotes. CircRNAs are single-stranded RNAs that form covalently closed loops. CircRNAs are significant gene regulators that have a role in the development, progression, and therapy of lung injury by controlling transcription, translating into protein, and sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins. Although the study of circRNAs in lung injury caused by pulmonary toxicants is just beginning, several studies have revealed their expression patterns. The function that circRNAs perform in relation to pulmonary toxicants (severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), drug abuse, PM2.5, and cigarette smoke) is the main topic of this review. A variety of circRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers of lung injury. In this review, the biogenesis, properties, and biological functions of circRNAs were concluded, and the relationship between circRNAs and pulmonary toxicants was discussed. It is expected that the new ideas and potential treatment targets that circRNAs provide would be beneficial to research into the molecular mechanisms behind lung injury.
Insights
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate gene expression and are involved in lung injury development. This review explores circRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung damage caused by various toxicants.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Lung injury presents a significant health challenge demanding novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers.
- Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are eukaryotic non-coding RNAs forming closed loops, acting as crucial gene regulators.
- Their roles in transcription, translation, and sponging miRNAs/proteins highlight their involvement in biological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biogenesis, properties, and functions of circRNAs.
- To discuss the relationship between circRNAs and lung injury induced by pulmonary toxicants.
- To explore the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung injury.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on circRNAs and lung injury.
- Analysis of circRNA roles in response to pulmonary toxicants like SARS-CoV-2, drug abuse, PM2.5, and cigarette smoke.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on circRNA biogenesis, function, and expression patterns.
Main Results:
- CircRNAs play significant roles in the development, progression, and therapy of lung injury.
- Expression patterns of various circRNAs are altered in lung injury models.
- Several circRNAs show potential as biomarkers for detecting and monitoring lung injury.
Conclusions:
- CircRNAs are implicated in the molecular mechanisms of lung injury.
- Understanding circRNA functions offers new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
- Further research into circRNAs may yield novel treatment targets for lung injury.
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