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Outpatient Visits and Antibiotic Use Due to Higher-Valency Pneumococcal Vaccine Serotypes

Laura M King1, Kristin L Andrejko2, Sarah Kabbani3

  • 1School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|March 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) may significantly reduce pediatric respiratory infections and antibiotic use. PCV20-additional serotypes account for over five times the burden of visits and prescriptions compared to PCV15-additional serotypes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) were recommended for infants in 2022-2023.
  • Estimating the impact of new vaccine serotypes on pediatric respiratory infections is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the incidence of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescriptions in US children (≤17 years) for conditions associated with PCV15- and PCV20-additional serotypes.
  • To quantify the potential impact of PCV15 and PCV20 on pediatric respiratory illnesses and antibiotic use.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized national health care surveys and MarketScan databases to derive all-cause incidence rates.
  • Estimated PCV15/20-additional serotype-attributable fractions using modified vaccine-probe approaches and meta-analyses.
  • Calculated incidence of visits and antibiotic prescriptions for specific pneumococcal serotypes.

Main Results:

  • PCV15-additional serotypes were linked to 2.7 visits and 2.4 antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 children annually.
  • PCV20-additional serotypes accounted for 15.0 visits and 13.2 antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 children annually.
  • PCV15/20-additional serotypes represent 0.4% and 2.1% of pediatric outpatient antibiotic use, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • PCV20-additional serotypes impose a significantly higher burden of illness and antibiotic use compared to PCV15-additional serotypes.
  • Higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, particularly PCV20, show potential for preventing pediatric pneumococcal respiratory infections and reducing antibiotic consumption.
Abstract

Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeacute otitis mediaantibioticoutpatientpediatricpneumococcal conjugate vaccinepneumoniasinusitis

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