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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Pitfalls in diagnosing temperature extremes.

Lukas Brunner1, Aiko Voigt2

  • 1Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. l.brunner@univie.ac.at.

Nature Communications
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Running seasonal windows used to define temperature extremes introduce bias, underestimating extreme event frequency. Correcting this bias is crucial for accurate climate change impact assessments, especially for heatwaves.

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Human-induced climate change is intensifying temperature extremes globally.
  • Extreme temperature events are typically defined using percentile thresholds of daily maximum temperatures.
  • Percentile-based methods often employ running seasonal windows to account for regional and seasonal variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of running seasonal windows on the calculation of temperature extremes.
  • To identify and quantify the bias introduced by this methodology.
  • To propose and validate a solution to mitigate the identified bias.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of temperature data using percentile-based threshold calculations.
  • Comparison of extreme frequency estimates with and without the use of running seasonal windows.
  • Development and application of a corrected methodology to remove seasonal cycle mixing.

Main Results:

  • Running seasonal windows introduce a significant bias, leading to underestimation of extreme temperature event frequency.
  • This bias results from the artificial mixing of the mean seasonal cycle into the extreme threshold calculation.
  • The proposed correction method effectively eliminates this bias.
  • The bias can lead to overestimations of future heatwave changes by up to 30% in certain regions.

Conclusions:

  • The use of uncorrected running seasonal windows in defining temperature extremes is scientifically unsound.
  • Accurate assessment of climate change impacts, particularly heatwaves, requires corrected extreme frequency calculations.
  • The findings underscore the need for methodological refinement in climate extreme research.