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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

An Optimized O9-1/Hydrogel System for Studying Mechanical Signals in Neural Crest Cells
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An Optimized O9-1/Hydrogel System for Studying Mechanical Signals in Neural Crest Cells

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Competence for neural crest induction is controlled by hydrostatic pressure through Yap.

Delan N Alasaadi1, Lucas Alvizi1, Jonas Hartmann1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.

Nature Cell Biology
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic hydrostatic pressure regulates tissue competence. Increased pressure inhibits neural crest cell induction by affecting Yap and Wnt signalling, a conserved mechanism across vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular mechanics
  • Molecular signalling

Background:

  • Embryonic induction involves signal-responding tissue interactions, but tissue competence regulation is poorly understood.
  • While molecular signals are studied, the influence of tissue mechanics on embryonic competence remains unexplored.
  • Neural crest cells are a key embryonic cell population crucial for vertebrate development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of hydrostatic pressure in regulating neural crest cell competence.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which hydrostatic pressure affects neural crest induction.
  • To determine if this mechanism is conserved across vertebrate species.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo manipulation of blastocoel hydrostatic pressure in vertebrate embryos.
  • Analysis of Yap signalling and Wnt activation pathways in response to pressure changes.
  • Comparative studies in amphibian, mouse, and human cell models.

Main Results:

  • Neural crest competence decreases as blastocoel hydrostatic pressure increases.
  • Elevated hydrostatic pressure inhibits Yap signalling and impairs Wnt activation.
  • Hydrostatic pressure is shown to control neural crest induction in diverse vertebrate models.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue mechanics, specifically hydrostatic pressure, play a critical role in regulating embryonic competence.
  • Hydrostatic pressure influences key signalling pathways (Yap, Wnt) to control neural crest induction.
  • This mechanism of mechanical regulation of competence is conserved throughout vertebrate development.