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Ionic liquid electrolyte selection for high voltage supercapacitors in high-temperature applications.

Ahmed Bahaa1, Ayoob Alhammadi1, Kallidanthiyil Chellappan Lethesh1

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Frontiers in Chemistry
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study screened eight ionic liquids (ILs) for high-temperature supercapacitors. Six ILs demonstrated applicability for achieving over 5V, with [Pip 1,3][TFSI] reaching 5.4V.

Keywords:
electrolyte screeningelectrolyte selectionhigh temperaturehigh voltageionic liquidsupercapacitor

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial for advanced energy storage devices like supercapacitors.
  • Understanding the physicochemical and transport properties of ILs is key to optimizing electrolyte performance.
  • High-temperature operation and high voltage are desirable for next-generation supercapacitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and screen eight hydrophobic ionic liquids for their suitability in high-voltage, high-temperature supercapacitors.
  • To correlate the physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, ionic conductivity) with electrochemical performance.
  • To identify the most promising IL electrolytes for supercapacitors operating at up to 353.15 K and ≥ 5 V.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, ionic conductivity) of eight selected ILs across a temperature range (278.15–373.15 K).
  • Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy on supercapacitors assembled with IL electrolytes.
  • Evaluation of supercapacitor performance at elevated temperatures (298.15–353.15 K) using multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids with the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]) anion exhibited lower densities and viscosities compared to those with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]).
  • [Pyr 1,3][FSI] demonstrated the highest ionic conductivity among the tested ILs.
  • Six ILs were identified as suitable for ≥ 5 V supercapacitors at high temperatures, including [Pip 1,3][TFSI] (5.4 V), [Pip 1,3][FSI] (5 V), [N 111,3][TFSI] (5.1 V), [N 111,6][TFSI] (5.2 V), [Pyr 1,102][TFSI] (5.2 V), and [Pyr 1,5][TFSI] (5.2 V).

Conclusions:

  • The choice of anion ([FSI] vs. [TFSI]) significantly impacts IL viscosity and conductivity.
  • Specific ILs show excellent potential for developing high-performance, high-temperature supercapacitors.
  • This research provides valuable insights for selecting optimal ionic liquid electrolytes for demanding energy storage applications.