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Updated: May 2, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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Progesterone in Pregnancy: Evidence-Based Strategies to Reduce Miscarriage and Enhance Assisted Reproductive

Ting-Jung Lai1,2,3,4, Sen-Wen Teng2, Cheng-Kun Chang2

  • 1Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|March 19, 2024
PubMed

The incidence of miscarriage in early pregnancy, between 5-20 weeks, is common, with a prevalence of between 5-22% of all pregnancies. Miscarriage can have physical, social, and mental health impacts on women and their families. In societies such as Taiwan, where the birth rate is falling and life expectancy is increasing, there is concern that factors that reduce birth rates will have detrimental economic and societal effects. Progesterone has a significant role in maintaining early and successful pregnancy to term. Evidence from preclinical and clinical research on the roles of progesterone has supported recent clinical guidelines in obstetrics and gynecology to reduce rates of early miscarriage and improve methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This article aims to present an evidence-based review of current recommendations for the use of progesterone in early pregnancy to reduce miscarriage rates and in luteal phase support for ART, including embryo transfer.

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