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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section
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Dislocation flow turbulence simultaneously enhances strength and ductility.

Yang Chen1, Hui Feng1, Jia Li1

  • 1College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-principal element alloys show enhanced strength due to complex dislocation dynamics. Our study reveals dislocation flow turbulence, driven by lattice strain, which boosts strength and ductility in these advanced materials.

Keywords:
chemical short-range orderdislocation flow turbulencemulti-principal element alloystrength and ductilityvortex

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) possess superior mechanical properties compared to conventional alloys.
  • Dislocation dynamics are crucial for understanding deformation mechanisms in MPEAs.
  • Conventional models often simplify the complex interactions within MPEAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental deformation mechanisms in body-centered cubic MPEAs.
  • To develop a discrete dislocation dynamics framework incorporating atomic lattice distortions.
  • To elucidate the role of short-range ordering in dislocation motion.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an atomic-lattice-distortion-dependent discrete dislocation dynamics framework.
  • Integration of random field theory and a phenomenological dislocation model.
  • Simulation of dislocation motions in body-centered cubic MPEAs.

Main Results:

  • Identification of dislocation speed turbulence attributed to heterogeneous lattice strain fields from short-range ordering.
  • Discovery that dislocation flow turbulence initiates dislocation multiplication.
  • Observation that turbulence creates pinning sites, hindering dislocation movement.

Conclusions:

  • Dislocation flow turbulence is a key mechanism in MPEAs, influenced by short-range ordering.
  • This turbulence contributes to both strengthening and ductility, potentially resolving the strength-ductility trade-off.
  • The developed framework provides insights into the complex deformation behavior of MPEAs.