Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

457
Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
457
Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

454
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
454
Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

2.9K
Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
2.9K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.3K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.3K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

161
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
161

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Surface Reconstruction as a Design Principle for Ni-rich Cathodes.

Small science·2026
Same author

Inorganic chemistry, cluster formation and solvent stability of PIM-1/ZnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> hybrid membranes synthesized <i>via</i> vapor phase infiltration.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Modifying Inorganic Structure through Hydration in Vapor Phase Infiltrated AlO <sub><i>x</i></sub> H <sub><i>y</i></sub> ‑PIM‑1 Hybrid Membranes: Implications for Solvent Stability, Permeance, and Selectivity.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Anion Activity and Metastable Phase Formation in Li<sub>1-</sub> FePO<sub>4</sub> Investigated Using Soft-to-Hard X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy.

ACS materials letters·2025
Same author

Effect of Interfacial Electric Field on 2D Metal/Graphene Electrocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Reaction.

ChemSusChem·2024
Same author

Electrocatalysts for Inorganic and Organic Waste Nitrogen Conversion.

ACS catalysis·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.5K

Monitoring Redox Processes in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Laboratory-Scale Operando X-ray Emission Spectroscopy.

Abiram Krishnan1, Dong-Chan Lee1, Ian Slagle1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) tracks battery state-of-charge in real-time by monitoring chemical state changes. This method also reveals spin state variations in transition metals during battery operation.

Keywords:
X-ray absorptionX-ray emissionlithium-ion batteryoperandospin state

More Related Videos

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
07:55

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

12.7K
Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery
08:18

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery

Published on: July 12, 2016

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.5K
Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
07:55

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Published on: April 17, 2018

12.7K
Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery
08:18

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery

Published on: July 12, 2016

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding transition metal redox chemistry in alkali-ion batteries is key to improving battery performance.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is commonly used to study chemical state and structural changes during battery cycling.
  • Operando techniques are essential for real-time monitoring of battery chemistry during operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate operando X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) for tracking chemical state changes in battery materials.
  • To compare the capabilities of XES and XAS for monitoring battery state-of-charge (SoC).
  • To investigate the potential of XES for probing spin state dynamics in transition metals within batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Operando X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were employed.
  • Four battery systems were studied: LiCoO2 (LCO), Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NMC111), Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NMC811), and LiFePO4 (LFP).
  • Measurements were conducted during a constant current C/10 charge rate, and XES peak shape analysis was used to assess spin changes.

Main Results:

  • Operando XES effectively fingerprints the battery state-of-charge (SoC) in real-time, despite narrower chemical shifts compared to XAS.
  • XES successfully tracks changes in the net spin of probed atoms by analyzing emission peak shape variations.
  • The relationship between net spin and the local chemical/structural environment was investigated using XES and XAS on delithiated LCO.

Conclusions:

  • Operando XES is a valuable tool for real-time monitoring of chemical state and spin state evolution in alkali-ion batteries.
  • XES provides complementary information to XAS, particularly for understanding spin dynamics relevant to battery redox processes.
  • This study demonstrates the utility of XES for in-depth analysis of battery materials' electrochemical behavior.