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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

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Published on: May 6, 2013
Classification of type 1 diabetes: A pathogenic and treatment-based classification
Shivani K Patel1, Spiros Fourlanos2, Jerry R Greenfield1
1Clinical Diabetes, Appetite and Metabolism Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
A new classification system for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is proposed, using islet autoantibody and C-peptide levels to improve diagnosis for patients not meeting current criteria. This aids in managing T1D subgroups.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Diabetes Research
Background:
- Current diagnostic criteria for type 1 diabetes (T1D) may not encompass all affected individuals.
- Accurate classification is crucial for appropriate treatment and research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the diagnosis and classification of patients with type 1 diabetes who do not meet existing diagnostic standards.
- To introduce a refined system for categorizing T1D subgroups.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of existing medical literature.
- Analysis of current diagnostic guidelines for diabetes mellitus.
- Literature synthesis to identify key diagnostic markers.
Main Results:
- A novel classification framework for T1D is proposed.
- This system integrates islet autoantibody status and non-fasting C-peptide levels.
- Specific attention is given to latent autoimmune diabetes in the young and autoantibody-negative T1D in remission.
Conclusions:
- The proposed classification offers clinical utility for diagnosing and categorizing T1D.
- Further research is necessary to refine the diagnosis and management of T1D's less common subgroups.
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