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RNA damage compartmentalization by DHX9 stress granules.

Yilong Zhou1, Amol Panhale1, Maria Shvedunova1

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.

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Summary

Cells partition damage during stress. Researchers found a new stress granule (SG) containing damaged RNA, not DNA, promoting cell survival and safeguarding daughter cells from parental RNA damage.

Keywords:
DHX9DNA damageRNA damageautophagycondensatemitosisp62stress granules

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Stress Response

Background:

  • Biomolecules are susceptible to damage under stress conditions.
  • Damage partitioning is a critical survival mechanism for cells.
  • Classical stress granules (SGs) are known to form during cellular stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel stress granules involved in damage partitioning.
  • To investigate the role of DHX9 in the formation and function of these stress granules.
  • To understand the mechanism by which these SGs protect daughter cells from parental damage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized FANCI technology to analyze RNA and DNA damage within stress granules.
  • Investigated the composition of DHX9-marked stress granules.
  • Examined the effects of UV exposure on RNA splicing, decay, and SG formation.
  • Assessed the role of DHX9 and p62 in SG dynamics and cell viability.

Main Results:

  • Identified a distinct DHX9-marked stress granule that compartmentalizes UV-induced RNA damage, specifically damaged intron RNA.
  • DHX9 SGs are enriched in damaged intron RNA, unlike classical SGs composed of mature mRNA.
  • UV exposure leads to RNA crosslinking, impaired intron splicing and decay, and triggers DHX9 SG formation in daughter cells.
  • DHX9 SGs promote cell survival, induce dsRNA-related immune responses, and cause translation shutdown.
  • DHX9 modulates dsRNA levels within SGs, enhancing cell viability, and p62 is crucial for DHX9 SG disassembly.

Conclusions:

  • Established non-canonical DHX9 SGs as a unique cytoplasmic compartment for managing parental RNA damage.
  • DHX9 SGs safeguard daughter cells by sequestering damaged RNA, distinct from classical SGs.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism of damage partitioning crucial for cellular resilience and survival.