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How Does Selfing Affect the Pace and Process of Speciation?

Lucas Marie-Orleach1,2,3, Sylvain Glémin2,4, Marie K Brandrud5

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Selfing, or self-pollination, may accelerate the speciation process by increasing genetic incompatibilities. However, current evidence is limited, necessitating further research into mating systems and speciation rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Speciation research

Background:

  • Selfing (self-pollination) significantly impacts gene flow and population genetics, yet its role in speciation remains understudied.
  • Understanding the influence of mating systems on reproductive isolation is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical work and empirical data on the effects of selfing on the speciation process.
  • To assess how mating systems influence the rate and mechanisms of speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and synthesis of recent theoretical models on selfing and speciation.
  • Analysis of empirical data from crossing experiments, genomic studies, and phylogenetic analyses.
  • Review of existing literature on reproductive barriers and genetic divergence in selfing versus outcrossing species.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical predictions suggest selfing accelerates the accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities.
  • Empirical data show limited support for accelerated incompatibilities and a predicted bias toward underdominant loci in selfers.
  • Phylogenetic evidence regarding selfing's effect on speciation rates is scarce and contradictory, with studies showing both promotion and hindrance.

Conclusions:

  • Selfing may accelerate speciation through increased hybrid incompatibilities, but empirical validation is limited.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between selfing, demographic history, genetic divergence, and speciation rates.
  • Future studies should integrate measures of reproductive barriers, selfing rates, and genetic divergence to better understand selfing's role in speciation.