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Estimating Population Standard Deviation

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When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Estimating a Theoretically Consistent Human Capital Production Function With an Application to Head Start.

Luis Faundez¹, Robert Kaestner²

¹Law School, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Evaluation Review

|March 20, 2024

Summary

This study developed a new method for estimating child development's human capital production function. Analysis showed Head Start and preschool programs had no significant impact on child or adult outcomes.

Keywords:

child development fixed effects head start human capital

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Area of Science:

Economics
Developmental Psychology
Human Capital Theory

Background:

Estimating human capital production functions for child development is crucial.
Existing methods often misapply mother- or child-fixed effects, conflicting with human capital theory.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a refined conceptual and empirical approach for estimating the human capital production function of child development.
To analyze the impact of early childhood education programs (Head Start and preschool) on child and adult outcomes using this approach.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel empirical specification for human capital production functions incorporating mother- or child-fixed effects.
Applied this specification to analyze data on the long-term effects of Head Start and preschool attendance.

Main Results:

The analysis found no statistically or economically significant effects of Head Start or preschool on child or adult outcomes.
The proposed empirical specification has broader applicability in microeconomic analyses.

Conclusions:

The study's findings challenge the effectiveness of Head Start and preschool programs as implemented.
The developed methodology offers a more theoretically consistent framework for future human capital research.