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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Synchronous Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma: A Rare Case Report.

Daniel Christensen1, Jeffrey A Belair2, Atrayee BasuMallick3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

International Journal of Surgical Pathology
|March 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This case report details an extremely rare occurrence of synchronous Ewing sarcoma and low-grade central osteosarcoma in a young patient. The combined probability of developing both distinct bone cancers is astronomically low.

Keywords:
Ewing sarcomabonecentrallow gradelow-grade central osteosarcomaosteosarcomararesoft tissuesynchronous

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Rare Tumors

Background:

  • Cauda equina syndrome presentation in a young female.
  • Initial diagnosis of a lumbar spine lesion.
  • Identification of a secondary distal femur mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of synchronous bone malignancies.
  • To characterize the diagnostic pathway for rare tumors.
  • To discuss the extreme rarity of co-occurring Ewing sarcoma and low-grade central osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for lesion detection.
  • Core needle biopsy and surgical resection for histopathological analysis.
  • Immunohistochemistry (CD99, FLI1, SATB2) and Next-Generation Sequencing (EWSR1::FLI1 fusion) for molecular characterization.
  • Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) for MDM2 gene amplification.

Main Results:

  • Lumbar lesion diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma based on morphology, immunophenotype (CD99+, FLI1+), and EWSR1::FLI1 fusion.
  • Distal femur lesion diagnosed as low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) based on histomorphology and SATB2 positivity.
  • Synchronous presentation of both genetically distinct tumors within six months.
  • Calculated extremely low probability (1 in 7.5 trillion) of this dual occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • This case represents an exceptionally rare instance of synchronous Ewing sarcoma and LGCOS.
  • The diagnostic workup highlights the importance of comprehensive histopathological and molecular analysis.
  • The extreme rarity underscores the unique biological and statistical nature of this patient's presentation.