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Related Concept Videos

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:08

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

3.3K
As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
3.3K
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation01:22

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation

4.1K
Baeyer–Villiger oxidation converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids and ketones to esters. The reaction uses peroxy acids or peracids and is often catalyzed by acid. The reaction is named after its pioneers, Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger. The reaction is achieved by a wide range of peracids such as m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), perbenzoic acid (C6H5COOOH), peracetic acid (CH3COOOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH).
The carbonyl center is...
4.1K
Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation01:14

Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

5.5K
This lesson delves into the aldol condensation catalyzed by bases, where aldols undergo dehydration to enals. As shown in Figure 1, the β-hydroxy aldehyde formed in a base-catalyzed aldol addition reaction dehydrates on heating to yield an unsaturated carbonyl product, which is commonly referred to as an enal.
5.5K
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes01:33

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

3.6K
Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from alcohols, alkenes, and alkynes via different reaction pathways. Alcohols are the most commonly used substrates for synthesizing aldehydes and ketones. The conversion of alcohol to aldehyde, which involves the oxidation process, depends on the class of the alcohol used and the strength of the oxidizing agent. For instance, primary alcohol will form an aldehyde when treated with a weak oxidizing agent; however, it gets over-oxidized to a carboxylic acid in...
3.6K
Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:15

Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

2.5K
The aldol reaction of a ketone under acidic conditions successfully forms an unsaturated carbonyl as the final product instead of an aldol. The acid-catalyzed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
2.5K
Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation00:43

Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

2.2K
As shown in Figure 1, under acidic conditions, the β-hydroxy ketone undergoes dehydration via an E1 elimination reaction to form an enone.
2.2K

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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
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Enzymatic reactions towards aldehydes: An overview.

Lukas Schober1, Hana Dobiašová2, Valentina Jurkaš1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Graz University of Technology Graz Austria.

Flavour and Fragrance Journal
|March 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores enzymatic reactions for synthesizing aldehydes, volatile compounds essential in various products. Some methods are ready for industrial use, offering sustainable biocatalysis solutions.

Keywords:
aldehydealiphatic aldehydesaromatic aldehydesaryl‐aliphatic aldehydesbiocatalysisenzymesgreen leaf volatilesvanillin

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Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
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A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
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Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry
  • Focuses on the synthesis and application of aldehydes.

Background:

  • Aldehydes are volatile organic compounds with significant olfactory properties and reactivity.
  • The aldehydic functional group is crucial for synthesizing diverse chemical products.
  • Selective synthesis of aldehydes presents a significant challenge in chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review aldehyde-forming reactions in biological systems and beyond.
  • To highlight the potential of enzymatic reactions for aldehyde synthesis.
  • To assess the synthetic applicability and industrial potential of these biotransformations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enzymatic and non-enzymatic aldehyde synthesis.
  • Analysis of natural aldehyde-forming pathways.
  • Evaluation of biocatalytic approaches for industrial applications.

Main Results:

  • Nature employs various enzymatic reactions for aldehyde production.
  • Some biotransformations are underdeveloped for synthetic use.
  • Certain enzymatic methods are mature for industrial biocatalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic synthesis offers a promising route for selective aldehyde production.
  • Biocatalysis presents sustainable alternatives for industrial chemical synthesis.
  • Further development is needed for some enzymatic pathways to reach industrial scale.