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School Bus Rebate Program and Student Educational Performance Test Scores.

Meredith Pedde1, Adam Szpiro2, Richard A Hirth3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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|March 20, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Replacing old school buses with newer ones did not improve student test scores overall. However, replacing the oldest buses (pre-1990) was linked to better reading, language arts, and math scores for students.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Educational Policy
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Older school buses emit high levels of exhaust, potentially harming student health and attendance.
  • The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers funding to replace polluting buses with cleaner alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of EPA funding for school bus replacement on student academic performance.
  • To determine if replacing older, more polluting buses is associated with changes in district-average test scores.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a randomized allocation of EPA funding from 2012-2016 School Bus Rebate Programs.
  • Examined changes in reading and language arts (RLA) and math test scores before and after funding lotteries.
  • Applied an intention-to-treat approach to analyze data from 1941 school district applicants.

Main Results:

  • Overall, EPA funding for bus replacement did not lead to improved district-average student test scores.
  • Districts replacing the oldest, highest-polluting buses (pre-1990) showed significant improvements in RLA and math scores.
  • Improvements in test scores were observed in the year following the lottery for districts that replaced pre-1990 buses.

Conclusions:

  • EPA funding alone was not associated with overall student test score improvements.
  • Prioritizing the replacement of the oldest, most polluting school buses can positively impact educational performance.
  • Targeted clean bus replacements represent an actionable strategy for enhancing student academic outcomes.