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Planetary Protection Knowledge Gap Closure Enabling Crewed Missions to Mars.

James A Spry1, Bette Siegel2, Corien Bakermans3

  • 1SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planetary protection for crewed Mars missions is feasible. This study addresses knowledge gaps in microbial monitoring, contamination transport, and control systems, paving the way for safe human exploration and preventing biological contamination.

Keywords:
ContaminationCrewed missionHuman explorationMoon to MarsPlanetary protectionQuarantine

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Protection: Ensuring scientific integrity and preventing biological contamination during Mars exploration.
  • Astrobiology: Understanding the potential for life on Mars and the implications of forward and backward contamination.

Background:

  • Transitioning from robotic to crewed Mars missions necessitates robust planetary protection strategies.
  • International guidelines by COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) evolved from robotic to human mission considerations.
  • Previous qualitative guidelines required quantitative recommendations for spacecraft design and mission implementation.

Discussion:

  • Addressing "knowledge gaps" (KGs) identified through interdisciplinary COSPAR meetings (2016 onwards).
  • Focus on microbial monitoring, spacecraft/crew health, terrestrial microbial transport/survival on Mars, and contamination control technologies.
  • Development of quantitative recommendations for implementing the Outer Space Treaty (Article IX) for crewed missions.

Key Insights:

  • Credible solutions proposed for microbial monitoring, natural transport of terrestrial microbes on Mars, and spacecraft contamination control.
  • A KG data table provides a framework for progress in end-to-end planetary protection requirements.
  • Evidence supports the feasibility of planetary protection for crewed Mars missions through defined parameters and risk-based compliance.

Outlook:

  • Establishment of zoning, emission, transport, and survival parameters for terrestrial biological contamination is crucial.
  • Creation of an accepted risk-based compliance approach for national space agencies and commercial organizations.
  • Enabling safe and responsible human exploration of Mars through comprehensive planetary protection implementation.