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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

DiGAlign: Versatile and Interactive Visualization of Sequence Alignment for Comparative Genomics.

Yosuke Nishimura¹, Kohei Yamada², Yusuke Okazaki²

¹Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).

Microbes and Environments

|March 20, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DiGAlign is a new web server for comparative genomics. It offers customizable visualization of microbial and viral genomic sequences, aiding in ecological and evolutionary research.

Keywords:

alignment visualization bioinformatics tool comparative genomics synteny map web server

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Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

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Published on: July 12, 2022

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

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Published on: August 15, 2019

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Genomics
Microbial Ecology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

The increasing volume of genomic data necessitates advanced tools for comparative analysis.
Comparative genomics is crucial for understanding microbial ecology and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce DiGAlign, a user-friendly web server for versatile comparative genomics.
To enable customizable visualization of genomic synteny maps for microorganisms and viruses.

Main Methods:

Development of a web server with an intuitive interface.
Implementation of functionality for uploading and analyzing nucleotide sequences (whole genome or specific regions).
Customizable visualization of synteny maps.

Main Results:

DiGAlign provides versatile comparative genomics functionality.
Users can generate highly customizable synteny map visualizations.
The tool supports analysis from specific genomic regions to whole genomes.

Conclusions:

DiGAlign facilitates rapid characterization of genomic sequences.
It serves as a valuable resource for biological researchers, especially experimental biologists.
Enables the generation of publication-ready figures for comparative genomics studies.