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Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Advanced Interventional Treatments in Retinoblastoma Management: A Comprehensive Review.

Peter Kolyvas1, Aazrin Mir2, Thomas Stirrat2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA. Pgk15@georgetown.edu.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|March 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intra-arterial chemotherapy offers a targeted treatment for retinoblastoma, reducing systemic side effects compared to traditional methods. This approach shows high success rates, improving ocular survival even in advanced cases.

Keywords:
Interventional OncologyIntra-arterial chemotherapyRetinoblastoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Medical Oncology

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric eye malignancy.
  • Untreated retinoblastoma can lead to intraocular invasion, metastasis, and death.
  • Systemic chemotherapy is the traditional treatment, but has significant side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technique, indications, contraindications, outcomes, and alternatives for intra-arterial chemotherapy.
  • To highlight the advantages of intra-arterial chemotherapy in retinoblastoma treatment.
  • To examine the evolution and refinements of intra-arterial chemotherapy procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.
  • Examination of procedural advancements to minimize risks and radiation exposure.
  • Analysis of technical success rates and ocular survival data.

Main Results:

  • Intra-arterial chemotherapy allows direct drug delivery to the eye, reducing systemic toxicity.
  • Procedures have been refined to enhance safety and reduce radiation exposure.
  • High technical success rates and one-year ocular survival are reported, even in advanced retinoblastoma.

Conclusions:

  • Intra-arterial chemotherapy is an effective and evolving treatment for retinoblastoma.
  • It offers a viable alternative to systemic chemotherapy with improved outcomes and reduced side effects.
  • Further examination of its role and alternatives is warranted.