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Patrik Švančara1,2, Pietro Smaniotto3,4, Leonardo Solidoro3,4

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Researchers stabilized a giant quantum vortex in superfluid helium, overcoming instability issues. This breakthrough advances quantum field theory simulations of curved spacetimes and analogue black holes.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Laboratory Astrophysics

Background:

  • Gravity simulators use superfluids to mimic curved spacetime phenomena.
  • Superfluid systems are crucial for verifying quantum field theory in curved spacetime.
  • Simulating rotating black holes requires extensive vortex flow in superfluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To stabilize a stationary giant quantum vortex in superfluid 4He.
  • To overcome inherent instabilities of multiply quantized vortices.
  • To develop a method for characterizing vortex flow in superfluid systems.

Main Methods:

  • Stabilization of a giant quantum vortex in superfluid 4He.
  • Characterization of vortex flow using micrometre-scale surface waves.
  • Observation of wave-vortex interactions, including bound states and ringdown signatures.

Main Results:

  • A stationary giant quantum vortex with thousands of circulation quanta was stabilized.
  • The vortex core is compact, surpassing limitations in other physical systems.
  • Analogue black hole ringdown signatures and bound states were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Superfluid helium can be used to simulate rotating curved spacetimes.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring quantum-to-classical vortex transitions.
  • The stabilized vortex advances the use of superfluids as quantum field theory simulators.