Intratesticular Mullerian Serous Borderline Tumor With Microinvasion: A Rare Tumor and Review of the Literature

Ovarian-type (ie, Mullerian) epithelial tumors occurring in the testicular and paratesticular regions are exceptionally rare, with only a handful reported worldwide. Serous tumors are the most frequently encountered subtype among these rare tumors. The pathogenesis of these tumors within the testicular and paratesticular regions remains a subject of intrigue and debate, with various hypotheses attempting to explain their presence in the paratestis region, where most tumors occur. However, our understanding of the pathogenesis of intratesticular tumors is limited. To date, 11 known examples of intratesticular serous Mullerian tumors have been reported globally. In this report, we present an extraordinary tumor, an intratesticular Mullerian serous borderline tumor with foci of microinvasion, in a 38-year-old male patient. This tumor exhibits histological features similar to their ovarian counterparts and is confirmed through an immunohistochemical panel. Our report underscores the extreme rarity of these tumors, emphasizes the importance of heightened awareness among clinicians and pathologists, and provides valuable insights into their complex development and histogenesis. This contribution aims to enhance diagnostic precision and optimize therapeutic strategies for similar tumors.