Plant mediated biosynthesis of Mn₃O₄ nanostructures and their biomedical applications

Nanomaterials have drawn significant attention for their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In the present study, manganese tetra oxide (Mn₃O₄) nanoparticles were prepared greenly, and their physicochemical properties were studied. Taxus baccata acetone extract was used as a safely novel precursor for reducing and stabilizing nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cytotoxicity of Mn₃O₄ (hausmannite) nanostructures was evaluated against murine macrophage cell line J774-A1 and U87 glioblastoma cancer cells for approximately 72 h. Spherical Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles with tetragonal spinel structures demonstrated minimal toxicity against normal body cells with CC₅₀ around 876.38 μg mL^-1. Moreover, Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles as well as the combination of antimoniate meglumine and Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited maximum mortality in Leishmania major. The synthesized nanominerals displayed a significant inhibitory effect against glioblastoma cancer cells at 100 μg mL^-1. The selective cytotoxicity of Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles indicates that these biogenic agents can be employed simultaneously for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medical applications.