Neurovascular coupling in the attention during visual working memory processes

Focusing attention in visual working memory (vWM) depends on the ability to filter distractors and expand the scope of targets. Although many properties of attention processes in vWM have been well documented, it remains unclear how the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling (NVC) function during attention processes in vWM. Here, we show simultaneous multimodal data that reveal the similar temporal and spatial features of attention processes during vWM. These similarities lead to common NVC outcomes across individuals. When filtering out distractors, the electroencephalography (EEG)-informed NVC displayed broader engagement across the frontoparietal network. A negative correlation may exist between behavioral metrics and EEG-informed NVC strength related to attention control. On a dynamic basis, NVC features exhibited higher discriminatory power in predicting behavior than other features alone. These results underscore how multimodal approaches can advance our understanding of the role of attention in vWM, and how NVC fluctuations are associated with actual behavior.