A review of cardio-pulmonary microvascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension

Microvascular dysfunction progressing to pulmonary hypertension can be a primary cause of right ventricular failure or a secondary cause because of an underlying systemic illness. Little is known regarding the etiology and epidemiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Despite this limitation, its presence has been described in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of cardiac and pulmonary microvascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, this review provides a contemporary assessment on the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular dysfunction in patients in pulmonary hypertension. This topic is important to raise awareness of microvascular dysfunction in the coronary and pulmonary circulation, so that future studies will investigate its impact on the pulmonary hypertension patient cohort.