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High-intensity exercise impairs intestinal barrier function by generating oxidative stress.

Maki Takami1, Wataru Aoi1, Karin Matsumoto1

  • 1Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
|March 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High-intensity exercise increases intestinal permeability and damages the gut barrier through oxidative stress. This effect was reversed by a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, suggesting a key role for oxidative stress in exercise-induced gut issues.

Keywords:
high-intensity exerciseintestinal permeabilityoxidative stresstight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The intestine acts as a crucial barrier against harmful substances.
  • Oxidative damage and mucosal impairment can compromise this barrier function.
  • The impact of exercise-induced oxidative stress on intestinal permeability remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the intestinal barrier dysfunction following high-intensity exercise.
  • To examine the effects of intense exercise on the permeability of the ileum in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Male ICR mice were subjected to a single bout of high-intensity treadmill running.
  • Ileal tissues were analyzed for histological and biochemical changes.
  • Intestinal permeability was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and plasma fluorescence intensity.

Main Results:

  • Exercise increased intestinal permeability, indicated by higher plasma fluorescence intensity post-exercise.
  • Elevated levels of oxidative proteins and reduced claudin-1 (a tight-junction protein) were observed in the exercise group.
  • A xanthine oxidase inhibitor mitigated exercise-induced increases in intestinal permeability.
  • Two weeks of excessive exercise training resulted in heightened intestinal permeability even at rest.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity exercise can increase intestinal permeability and damage tight junctions.
  • Oxidative stress appears to be a key mediator of exercise-induced intestinal barrier disruption.
  • Targeting xanthine oxidase may offer a strategy to manage exercise-related gut permeability issues.