[Effects of seed grading on population regularity degree and yield of summer maize]

Grading seeds based on grain size is an effective measure to improve population regularity degree and increase the yield of summer maize. Taking Denghai 605 as the experimental material, we set up a field experiment with treatments based on grain size: large seeds (L), medium-round seeds (MR), medium-flat seeds (MF), medium-round and medium-flat mixed seeds (MRF), and small seeds (S), with no-grading seeds as control (CK). We investigated seedling emergence rate, population regularity degree (including height, ear height and stem diameter), seedling sturdiness index, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics, and yield. The results showed that the emergence rate followed an order of L>MR>MRF>MF>CK>S, with that of L treatment differed little from MR, MF and MRF treatments, but being significantly higher than S and CK treatments. Plant height and stem diameter population regularity degree of MRF treatment before seven-leaf stage was not different from those of L, MR, MF and S treatments, but significantly higher than those of CK. At the tasseling stage, all treatments had higher population regularity degree of plant height than other stages. Ear height population regularity degree of L, MR, MF, MRF, and S increased by 11.1%, 10.3%, 9.5%, 7.1%, and 6.4% compared with CK, respectively. The seedling sturdiness index of MRF treatment increased by 36.7% compared with S treatment, but was not significantly different from L treatment. The leaf area index of the L and MRF treatments was significantly higher than that of CK, and both had higher population photosynthetic properties. The population dry matter accumulation showed a pattern as L>MR>MRF>MF>CK>S. There was no significant difference among L, MR, and MRF treatments, but that in L being obviously higher than MF, CK, and S treatments. After seed grading, the number of harvested ears of the L and MRF treatments increased significantly, and the yield were shown as L>MR>MRF>MF>CK>S. There was no difference between the yield of MRF, MR and MF treatments. In conclusion, the performance of L treatment was improved but the number was small. Considering the grading cost and yield, the MRF treatment can save the seed amounts of sowing, realize mechanized sowing and precision sowing.