Evaluating the effects of hypoxic storage on platelet function and health using a novel storage system

Thousands of units of whole blood (WB) and blood components are transfused daily to treat trauma patients. Improved methods for blood storage are critical to support trauma-related care. The Hemanext ONE® system offers a unique method for hypoxic storage of WB, with successfully demonstrated storage of clinically viable RBCs. This work evaluated the system for the storage of WB, focusing on platelet health and function.

WB was collected from healthy donors and processed through the Hemanext ONE® system. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbSO₂) levels of WB were depleted to 10%, 20%, or 30% of total HbSO₂ and then stored in PVC bags sealed in oxygen-impermeable bags (except for normoxic control) with samples collected on days 1, 7, and 14 post-processing. Flow cytometry assessed the activation and apoptosis of platelets. Clot dynamics were assessed based on aggregometry and thromboelastography assays, as well as thrombin generation using a calibrated-automated thrombogram method.

Hypoxic storage conditions were maintained throughout the storage period. Hypoxia triggered increased lactate production, but pH changes were negligible compared to normoxic control. Storage at 10% HbSO₂ had a significant impact on platelet function, resulting in increased activation and reduced clot formation and aggregation. These effects were less significant at 20% and 30% HbSO₂.

This study indicates that platelets are sensitive to hypoxic storage and suffer significant metabolic and functional deterioration when stored at or below 10% HbSO₂.