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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Integrated plasma proteomics identifies tuberculosis-specific diagnostic biomarkers.

Hannah F Schiff1,2, Naomi F Walker3, Cesar Ugarte-Gil4,5

  • 1NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.

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Summary

New protein biomarkers in the blood can accurately detect active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and distinguish it from other respiratory illnesses. This discovery offers a promising tool for near-patient screening to combat the global TB pandemic.

Keywords:
DiagnosticsInfectious diseaseProteomicsPulmonologyTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • The global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic necessitates novel biomarkers for identifying infectious patients.
  • Plasma protein profiles in active pulmonary TB may serve as diagnostic indicators.
  • Distinguishing TB from other respiratory infections requires improved diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and validate plasma protein biomarkers for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • To differentiate TB cases from healthy individuals and patients with other respiratory infections.
  • To assess the potential of these biomarkers for near-patient screening assays.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a sensitive tandem mass spectrometry approach to analyze plasma proteins in South African and Peruvian cohorts.
  • Utilized bioinformatic analyses, including linear modeling and network correlation, to identify differentially expressed proteins.
  • Validated candidate biomarkers in diverse ethnic cohorts using antibody-based proximity extension assays.

Main Results:

  • Identified 118 differentially expressed proteins through rigorous bioinformatic analysis.
  • Confirmed TB-specific host biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity.
  • A 6-protein panel (FETUB, FCGR3B, LRG1, SELL, CD14, ADA2) effectively differentiated pulmonary TB patients.

Conclusions:

  • The 6-protein biomarker panel meets World Health Organization criteria for a TB triage test.
  • These novel biomarkers show potential for development into near-patient TB screening assays.
  • The findings contribute to closing the case-detection gap in the global TB pandemic.