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Updated: Jun 30, 2025
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
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Can imaging determine if a rotator cuff tear is traumatic?
Jessica Mowbray1, Khalid Mohammed2
1Orthopaedic Registrar, Middlemore Hospital Orthopaedic Department, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
The New Zealand Medical Journal
|March 21, 2024
Summary
Imaging findings can indicate shoulder injury acuity or chronicity, impacting treatment eligibility. Patient history is crucial for determining traumatic causation, especially for Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Radiology
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- This review updates previous work on shoulder imaging findings.
- Traumatic causation has implications for Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) treatment entitlement in New Zealand.
- Acuity and chronicity influence surgical repairability.
Approach:
- A decade of literature was reviewed.
- Specific imaging features examined include acromial morphology, greater tuberosity (GT) cysts, acromiohumeral interval (AHI), fatty degeneration, acromioclavicular (AC) arthrosis, tendinopathy, and bursal changes.
Key Points:
- Normal findings in middle-aged/older adults include AC arthrosis, type 1/2 acromion, and tendinopathy.
- Indicators of acuity: hemorrhage, debris, GT edema, mid-substance tears, tendon kinking, isolated subscapularis tears.
- Indicators of chronicity: fatty degeneration, atrophy, anterior GT cysts, type 3 acromion, critical shoulder angle (CSA) >35°, acromial index (AI) <0.7.
Conclusions:
- Numerous imaging factors suggest acuity or chronicity to varying degrees.
- Patient history is vital for determining injury causation.
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