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Heritable human genome editing: correction, selection and treatment.

Rosamund Scott1

  • 1Centre of Medical Law and Ethics, The Dickson Poon School of Law, King's College London, UK.

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Summary

Heritable human genome editing (HHGE) is debated as treatment for children or selection. This article argues HHGE is best understood as treatment for prospective parents, morally permissible if it ensures child welfare.

Keywords:
CorrectionFuture childHeritable human genome editing (HHGE)Prospective parentsSelectionTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Human Genetics
  • Reproductive Technologies

Background:

  • Heritable human genome editing (HHGE) is often framed as 'treatment' to avoid serious genetic conditions, contrasting with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).
  • Central ethical debates question whether HHGE treats a future child, constitutes selection, or treats prospective parents.
  • The disability critique impacts the moral and legal considerations of PGT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the concept of 'treatment' in the context of HHGE.
  • To propose a moral justification for HHGE as a form of treatment for prospective parents.
  • To explore the legal permissibility of HHGE under human rights law.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of ethical and policy materials regarding HHGE.
  • Ethical argumentation on the moral justification of HHGE.
  • Legal analysis referencing the European Convention on Human Rights.

Main Results:

  • The notion of 'treatment' for a future child serves as a proxy for 'seriousness of purpose' in HHGE discussions.
  • HHGE is best understood and morally justified as treatment for prospective parents desiring a genetically related, unaffected child with limited alternatives.
  • HHGE can be morally permissible if it aligns with the child's welfare.

Conclusions:

  • HHGE is morally distinguishable from PGT.
  • Legalization of HHGE is supportable, considering the right to respect for private and family life.
  • Reframing HHGE as treatment for prospective parents offers a clearer ethical and legal pathway.