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High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling improves but does not restore beta-cell function in
Maria Houborg Petersen1,2, Jacob Volmer Stidsen1, Martin Eisemann de Almeida1,3
1Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Endocrine Connections
|March 21, 2024
Summary
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes but did not fully restore beta-cell function. Exercise benefits beta-cell function, but defects persist in type 2 diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity and beta-cell dysfunction.
- Understanding the impact of exercise interventions on beta-cell function is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can restore beta-cell function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- To compare the effects of HIIT on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients versus healthy obese and lean controls.
Main Methods:
- An 8-week supervised HIIT program (rowing and cycling) was administered to patients with type 2 diabetes and age-matched obese and lean controls.
- Evaluated acute and second-phase insulin responses, disposition index (beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity), and serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels using the Botnia clamp method.
Main Results:
- At baseline, type 2 diabetes patients exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity, acute insulin secretion, and disposition index, with higher FFA levels compared to controls.
- HIIT significantly improved insulin sensitivity in all groups.
- While the disposition index increased substantially in type 2 diabetes patients, it remained significantly lower than in controls, indicating persistent beta-cell impairment.
Conclusions:
- HIIT significantly improves insulin sensitivity and partially enhances beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.
- The disposition index, a measure of beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity, shows a variable but incomplete recovery in type 2 diabetes after HIIT.
- Exercise training is less effective in reversing the severe beta-cell defects in type 2 diabetes compared to insulin resistance.
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