Abnormal microstructure of corpus callosum in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: a DTI study

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common childhood disorder with abnormal sleep or arousal. The corpus callosum (CC) continues to develop into adulthood and plays an important role in sleep arousal. This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure of the CC in children with PNE. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices were extracted throughout the CC and its seven subregions were compared between the children with PNE and healthy children (HC). The correlation between abnormal DTI indices of the CC and cognitive condition was also tested. Compared to HC, decreased fiber number (NF) (F = 8.492, P_FDR = 0.032) and fractional anisotropy (FA) value (F = 8.442, P_FDR = 0.040) were found in the posterior midbody of the CC, increased RD was found in the posterior midbody (F = 6.888, P_FDR = 0.040) and isthmus (F = 7.967, P_FDR = 0.040) in children with PNE. The reduction of FA value was more obvious in boys than girls with PNE. In children with PNE, there was a significant positive correlation between the NF of the posterior midbody and full IQ (r = 0.322, P = 0.025) and between the FA value and the general knowledge memory (r = 0.293, P = 0.043). This study provides imaging evidence for abnormalities in the microstructure of the CC in children with PNE, especially in male PNE, which might affect the children's cognitive performance.