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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Candida albicans Detection in Catheter Infections Using Fluorescent Protein Tagging
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Invasive candidiasis.

Cornelia Lass-Flörl1, Souha S Kanj2, Nelesh P Govender3,4

  • 1Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, ECMM Excellence Centres of Medical Mycology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. cornelia.lass-floerl@i-med.ac.at.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive candidiasis, a serious fungal infection, presents diagnostic challenges and significant mortality (~30%). Early treatment and personalized approaches are crucial for managing these Candida infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Invasive candidiasis is a severe fungal infection caused by Candida species, often originating from endogenous reservoirs due to compromised host defenses.
  • Candidaemia and disseminated infections are common, presenting with non-specific symptoms and posing diagnostic difficulties, frequently requiring advanced non-culture-based assays.
  • Attributable mortality remains high at approximately 30%, highlighting the urgent need for effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and emerging challenges of invasive candidiasis.
  • To highlight the growing concern of antifungal resistance in specific Candida species.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and personalized medicine in improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of invasive candidiasis, focusing on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Analysis of current antifungal resistance patterns, including resistance to azoles and echinocandins.
  • Discussion of novel therapeutic agents and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Invasive candidiasis epidemiology varies geographically and by patient population, with risk factors including ICU stay, central lines, and immunosuppression.
  • Fluconazole resistance is increasing in species like Nakaseomyces glabratus and Candida auris, while echinocandin resistance remains rare.
  • Early antifungal therapy and central venous catheter removal are key to reducing mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of invasive candidiasis requires a multi-faceted approach, including early diagnosis, appropriate antifungal selection, and risk factor modification.
  • The emergence of antifungal resistance necessitates ongoing surveillance and the development of new therapeutic agents.
  • A personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment is paramount for addressing knowledge gaps and improving outcomes in invasive candidiasis.