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Updated: Jun 30, 2025
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Novel biomarkers related to oxidative stress and immunity in chronic kidney disease
Fang Bai1,2, Chunjie Wang1,2, Xin Fan1
1Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Introduction:
The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing in recent years, gradually becoming a global health crisis. Due to limited treatment options, novel molecular pathways are urgently required to advance the treatment and diagnosis of CKD.
Materials And Methods:
The characteristics of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CKD patients were analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and genes related to oxidative stress were retrieved from the Genecard database. Subsequently, a comprehensive approach was applied, including immune infiltration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, to identify hub genes among differentially expressed immune-related oxidative stress genes (DEIOSGs). Validation of hub genes was performed using an external data set, and diagnostic potential capability was evaluated through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. In animal experiments, the expression of hub genes in CKD was confirmed by inducing a CKD model through a 5/6 nephrectomy procedure. Finally, the relationship between these hub genes and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Nephroseq v5 database.
Results:
29 DEIOSGs were identified by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. PPI analysis screened the hub genes NCF2, S100A9, and SELL. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficacy. Further validation from other databases and animal experiments confirmed a substantial upregulation in the expression of hub genes in CKD. Additionally, clinical correlation analysis established a clear link between hub gene expression and renal function deterioration.
Conclusions:
Our study confirms NCF2, S100A9, and SELL as diagnostic biomarkers associated with immune response and oxidative stress in CKD, suggesting their potential as novel targets for CKD diagnosis and treatment.
Insights
This study identifies NCF2, S100A9, and SELL as key genes involved in immune response and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD). These genes show potential as novel biomarkers for CKD diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Genomics
- Immunology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence is rising globally, necessitating new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
- Limited treatment options highlight the urgent need for novel molecular targets in CKD management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- To investigate the role of immune-related oxidative stress genes in CKD pathogenesis.
- To validate potential hub genes as diagnostic markers for CKD.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
- Integration of oxidative stress gene data, immune infiltration analysis, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis.
- Validation using external datasets, animal models (5/6 nephrectomy), and clinical correlation analysis (Nephroseq v5).
Main Results:
- Identification of 29 differentially expressed immune-related oxidative stress genes (DEIOSGs) in CKD.
- NCF2, S100A9, and SELL were identified as hub genes through PPI analysis.
- Hub genes showed significant upregulation in CKD, excellent diagnostic efficacy (ROC analysis), and correlated with renal function decline.
Conclusions:
- NCF2, S100A9, and SELL are validated as diagnostic biomarkers for CKD.
- These hub genes are linked to immune response and oxidative stress pathways in CKD.
- The identified biomarkers offer potential for advancing CKD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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