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Material insecurity and religiosity: A causal analysis.

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This study investigated if education or food insecurity impact religiosity. Findings suggest these factors do not consistently influence individual religiosity across cultures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cultural Evolution
  • Sociology of Religion
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Cultural evolutionary models suggest stress increases adherence to traditional norms promoting solidarity.
  • The material insecurity hypothesis of religion posits increased religiosity under conditions of material insecurity.
  • Previous research is largely correlational and cross-national.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the causal role of educational attainment and food insecurity on individual religiosity.
  • To test the material insecurity hypothesis of religion using cross-cultural causal research.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted research across 14 diverse field sites.
  • Employed quantitative social science methods to estimate causal relationships.
  • Assessed the impact of formal education and food insecurity on religiosity.

Main Results:

  • Years of formal education did not consistently predict individual religiosity across cultures.
  • Food insecurity did not consistently predict individual religiosity across cultures.
  • The findings challenge the direct causal link proposed by the material insecurity hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Educational attainment and food insecurity do not appear to be consistent drivers of religiosity cross-culturally.
  • Highlights the need for more robust causal research in the social sciences.
  • Suggests theoretical and methodological refinements are necessary for understanding religion's role in society.