Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Association of prior beta-blocker treatment and outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society·2026

Same author

Step-By-Step Procedure to Identify Previously Unknown Compounds by LC-QTOF-MS Exemplified by an Intoxication With the Methaqualone Analog SL-164.

Drug testing and analysis·2024

Same author

ADB-HEXINACA-a novel synthetic cannabinoid with a hexyl substituent: phase I metabolism in authentic urine samples, a case report and prevalence on the German market.

Drug testing and analysis·2024

Same author

Storage stability of phosphatidylethanol homologues in whole blood and dried blood spots of nonalcoholics at different temperatures over 60 days.

Drug testing and analysis·2023

Same author

Monitoring of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots and of ethyl glucuronide in hair over 6 months of alcohol consumption.

Drug testing and analysis·2023

Same author

Frequency of new psychoactive substances in hair and urine samples of individuals subject to drug testing in driving license regranting-A toxicological perspective.

Drug testing and analysis·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair

Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair

Published on: January 24, 2014

Single hair analysis for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid-Method optimization, validation, and application.

Christopher Wiedfeld¹, Gisela Skopp¹, Frank Musshoff¹

¹Forensic Toxicological Center (FTC) Munich, Munich, Germany.

Drug Testing and Analysis

|March 22, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hair analysis for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) offers a longer detection window than body fluids. Segmented single hair analysis can identify GHB ingestion patterns, though further verification is needed.

Keywords:

GHB LC–MS/MS forensic toxicology micro segmentation single hair analysis

More Related Videos

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

Published on: March 13, 2014

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair

Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair

Published on: January 24, 2014

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

Published on: March 13, 2014

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Forensic Toxicology
Analytical Chemistry
Pharmacokinetics

Background:

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is rapidly metabolized, making detection in body fluids challenging.
Hair analysis offers a potentially extended detection window for GHB.
Endogenous GHB levels vary, complicating the identification of exogenous ingestion.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize and validate a method for GHB extraction and quantification in 2-mm hair segments.
To investigate the utility of single hair microanalysis for detecting GHB ingestion.
To establish temporal concentration profiles of GHB in hair.

Main Methods:

Optimization and validation of GHB extraction and quantification in 2-mm hair segments.
Analysis of five single human hairs using microanalysis.
Comparison of GHB concentrations in non-users versus alleged users.

Main Results:

A validated method with a limit of detection of 2.5 pg/seg and lower limit of quantification of 5 pg/seg was established.
GHB was detected in trace amounts or not at all in non-users.
In one alleged user, reproducible concentration maxima in segmented hair profiles indicated GHB ingestion.

Conclusions:

Segmented single hair analysis can provide temporal information on GHB intake.
The developed method shows promise for detecting GHB ingestion, but results require further validation.
This study presents the first findings on GHB testing in segmented single hairs.