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Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice
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Using a human colonoid-derived monolayer to study bacteriophage translocation.

Huu Thanh Le1,2, Alicia Fajardo Lubian3,4, Bethany Bowring3

  • 1Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.

Gut Microbes
|March 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages (phages) translocation from the gut is limited by protective mucus. Increased gut permeability from alcohol, fat, or cytokines amplifies phage translocation, impacting future phage applications.

Keywords:
Bacteriophagecolonoidintestinal permeabilityphage therapytranslocation

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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are abundant microorganisms.
  • Phages in blood suggest translocation from the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Understanding phage translocation is crucial for phage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate phage translocation ex vivo using a primary colonoid model.
  • To assess the role of colonic mucus in preventing phage translocation.
  • To evaluate the impact of gut permeability factors on phage translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted a primary colonoid monolayer model with mucus layer.
  • Compared colonoid model to Caco-2 cell-line model.
  • Stimulated mucus production and removed mucus to assess its role.
  • Applied etiological drivers of gut permeability (alcohol, fat, cytokines).

Main Results:

  • Colonoid model demonstrated intact tight junctions and a relevant mucus layer.
  • Phage translocation was largely absent in mucus-expressing colonoids.
  • Mucus production/removal significantly affected phage translocation.
  • Alcohol, fat, and inflammatory cytokines amplified phage translocation.

Conclusions:

  • Colonic mucus plays a critical role in preventing phage translocation.
  • Phage translocation occurs in vivo but is mucus-dependent.
  • Gut permeability factors can increase phage translocation.
  • Findings offer insights for future phage-based therapeutic applications.