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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

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Opticool: Cutting-edge transgenic optical tools.

Kelli D Fenelon1, Julia Krause1, Theodora Koromila1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.

Plos Genetics
|March 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are rapidly developing advanced transgenic optical tools for real-time in vivo studies. This review highlights the state and future of these powerful genetically encoded sensors and optogenetic systems for biological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The advent of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) sequencing has spurred rapid advancements in genetically encoded optical tools.
  • A wide array of protein, RNA, and DNA tags have been developed for unprecedented visualization of subcellular components.
  • Genetically encoded sensors and optogenetic systems enable real-time, in vivo monitoring and manipulation of biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of in vivo transgenic optical tools.
  • To highlight the trajectory and future potential of these technologies.
  • To provide references for scientists utilizing and improving these tools.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on transgenic optical tools.
  • Analysis of the development and application of genetically encoded sensors.
  • Discussion of optogenetic systems for in vivo manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Exponential proliferation of improved transgenic optical tools for subcellular interrogation.
  • Development of diverse tags for labeling and visualization.
  • Emergence of sensors for real-time detection of various molecular and physical phenomena.
  • Increased adoption of optogenetic tools for in vivo protein function modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The field of in vivo transgenic optical tools is rapidly expanding.
  • These tools offer powerful capabilities for interrogating development and disease.
  • Continued innovation is expected to yield even more sophisticated applications in biological research.