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Drug-resistant tuberculosis: a persistent global health concern.
Maha Farhat1,2, Helen Cox3, Marwan Ghanem1
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|March 23, 2024
Summary
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat. Advances in diagnostics and new all-oral treatments offer hope for improved patient outcomes and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) accounts for a significant proportion of antimicrobial resistance deaths.
- Late diagnosis and limited treatment access worsen outcomes for drug-resistant TB.
- Understanding resistance mechanisms and transmission is key to control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current surveillance, causes, and risk factors of drug-resistant TB.
- To discuss advances in diagnostics and treatment strategies.
- To highlight the importance of person-centered care, addressing stigma and mental health.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on drug-resistant TB.
- Analysis of advances in molecular testing and next-generation sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Evaluation of new all-oral treatment regimens and preventive therapies.
Main Results:
- Rapid molecular tests and next-generation sequencing improve TB and drug resistance diagnosis.
- New all-oral, shorter regimens (6-9 months) show high cure rates but require global scale-up.
- Promising preventive therapies are under investigation.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of drug-resistant TB requires a person-centered approach, addressing treatment, stigma, and mental health.
- Continued progress in diagnostics and therapeutics is crucial for global control.
- Scaling up new interventions is essential to reduce the burden of drug-resistant TB.
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