Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Expressing Solution Concentration02:48

Expressing Solution Concentration

58.6K
A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.
58.6K
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

47.9K
Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
47.9K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

84.3K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
84.3K
Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Mathematical Expressions and Units01:19

Fundamental Mathematical Principles in Pharmacokinetics: Mathematical Expressions and Units

675
Mathematical principles play a crucial role in pharmacokinetics, providing a framework for understanding and quantifying drug distribution and elimination dynamics in the body. By utilizing mathematical expressions and units, pharmacologists can accurately characterize the behavior of drugs, optimize dosing regimens, and predict therapeutic outcomes.
One significant application of mathematics in pharmacokinetics is the characterization of drug distribution through the volume of distribution...
675
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

2.7K
The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The...
2.7K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

978
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
978
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Law And Legal Studies
  7. International And Comparative Law
  9. Conflict Of Laws (incl. Private International Law)
  11. Concentration Units Used To Report Blood- And Breath-alcohol Concentration For Legal Purposes Differ Between Countries Which Is Important To Consider When Blood/breath Ratios Of Alcohol Are Compared And Contrasted

Concentration units used to report blood- and breath-alcohol concentration for legal purposes differ between countries which is important to consider when blood/breath ratios of alcohol are compared and contrasted

Alan Wayne Jones1

  • 1Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linkoping, Sweden.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|March 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

896
Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
06:27

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Published on: June 11, 2014

13.5K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

705

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) and breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC) units is crucial for legal and scientific contexts. Different countries use mass/volume or mass/mass units, impacting comparisons and calculations.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Varying international units for blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) and breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC) can cause confusion in legal and scientific settings.
  • Discrepancies in reporting units affect the interpretation of alcohol-related evidence and the calculation of blood/breath ratios (BBRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the diverse concentration units used for BAC and BrAC reporting globally.
  • To highlight the implications of different units in legal proceedings, expert testimony, and international comparisons.
  • To explain the difference between mass/volume (m/v) and mass/mass (m/m) units and their impact on BAC values.

Main Methods:

  • Review of statutory limits and common reporting practices for BAC and BrAC in various countries.
Keywords:
alcoholanalysisbloodbreath

Related Experiment Videos

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

896
Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
06:27

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Published on: June 11, 2014

13.5K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

705
  • Analysis of the mathematical and physiological basis for differences between m/v and m/m units.
  • Discussion of the relevance of unit choice in forensic toxicology and postmortem analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Most countries report BAC in mass/volume (m/v) units (e.g., g/100mL, mg/100mL, g/L).
    • Germany and Nordic countries report BAC in mass/mass (m/m) units (e.g., g/kg), which are approximately 5.5% lower than m/v units due to blood density.
    • The distinction between m/m and m/v units is critical for accurate interpretation in legal contexts and postmortem toxicology.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardization or clear communication of BAC/BrAC units is essential to prevent misinterpretation in legal and scientific applications.
    • Understanding unit differences is vital for accurate cross-border comparisons of alcohol limits and toxicological data.
    • The historical reasons for m/m reporting should be considered alongside current m/v practices.
    concentration units
    drunken driving
    ethanol
    jurisprudence