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Updated: May 3, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Biomechanical effect of dual-dimensional archwire on controlled movement of anterior teeth compared with rectangular
Daiki Kuga1, Ryo Hamanaka1, Hiroya Komaki1
1Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
Introduction:
This study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of the use of the dual-dimensional archwire and conventional rectangular archwire on tooth movement patterns when combined with various lengths of power arms.
Methods:
Displacements of the maxillary central incisor and the deformation of the wire section were calculated when applying retraction forces from different lengths of power arms using the finite element method.
Results:
Torque control of the incisor could be carried out more effectively when using the dual-dimensional archwire combined with long power arms than with the rectangular archwire. The use of the dual-dimensional archwire produced bodily movement of the central incisor at height levels of the power arm between 8 and 10 mm and lingual root tipping at the level of 10 mm.
Conclusions:
The use of the dual-dimensional archwire provided better-controlled movement of the incisor, including bodily movement or root movement, than the rectangular archwire.
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