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Embryonic methionine triggers post-natal developmental programming in Japanese quail.

Sawadi F Ndunguru1,2,3, Gebrehaweria K Reda4,5,6, Brigitta Csernus6

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. ndunguru@agr.unideb.hu.

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Maternal L-methionine supplementation during embryonic development programs quail offspring. Enhanced nutrient sensing pathways lead to delayed but sustained growth effects, demonstrating transgenerational phenotypic plasticity.

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l-methionineAmino acidGrowthIGF1mTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Nutritional Programming
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Maternal effects significantly influence offspring phenotype during critical embryonic development stages.
  • Oviparous species like birds rely on maternal resource deposition in eggs for post-natal adaptation.
  • Mechanisms underlying maternal nutritional programming of embryonic development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of simulated maternal nutritional transfer of L-methionine on embryonic development and post-natal trajectories in Japanese quail.
  • To elucidate the role of insulin/insulin-like signalling (IIS) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in mediating nutritional programming.
  • To determine the temporal dynamics of phenotypic and molecular changes following embryonic L-methionine exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Japanese quail eggs were injected with L-methionine solution prior to incubation to simulate maternal nutritional transfer.
  • Gene expression analysis of liver IGF1 and mTOR, and circulating IGF-1 levels were measured at hatching and three weeks post-hatching.
  • Expression of RPS6K1, an mTOR downstream effector, was assessed at three weeks post-hatching.

Main Results:

  • Methionine supplementation activated IIS/mTOR pathways, evidenced by increased liver IGF1 and mTOR gene expression at hatching.
  • Offspring from supplemented eggs exhibited similar size at hatching but showed delayed phenotypic effects of increased growth apparent by one week and sustained for three weeks.
  • Elevated circulating IGF-1 and hepatic RPS6K1 expression were observed three weeks post-hatching, indicating sustained pathway activation.

Conclusions:

  • Specific embryonic nutritional cues, like L-methionine, can program offspring phenotype by sequentially activating nutrient-sensing pathways.
  • These findings highlight the potential for transgenerational phenotypic plasticity mediated by early-life nutritional programming.
  • The study reveals a sequential activation of nutrient-sensing pathways, influencing developmental trajectories and long-term phenotypic outcomes.