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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Fluorogenic polymethine dyes by intramolecular cyclization.

Annabell Martin1, Pablo Rivera-Fuentes2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|March 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new fluorogenic polymethine dyes for clearer live-cell imaging. These advanced dyes overcome limitations of previous versions, improving intracellular visualization in biological studies.

Keywords:
CarbocyaninesFluorogenicityIntramolecular cyclizationsLive-cell fluorescence nanoscopyPolymethine dyesSelf-labeling protein tagsSmall-molecule ligandsTurn-on probes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Fluorescence imaging is essential for studying biological processes.
  • Cell-permeable fluorogenic dyes are key for specific intracellular visualization.
  • Polymethine dyes are important fluorophores but face challenges in live-cell imaging due to high background and low membrane permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in developing fluorogenic polymethine dyes.
  • To highlight the strategy of intramolecular cyclization for dye improvement.
  • To discuss the future potential of these dyes in bioimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on polymethine dye development.
  • Focus on synthesis strategies involving intramolecular cyclization.
  • Analysis of dye properties related to fluorescence and cell permeability.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in creating fluorogenic polymethine dyes using intramolecular cyclization.
  • Demonstration of improved properties addressing limitations of older dyes.
  • Potential for enhanced specificity and reduced background fluorescence.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorogenic polymethine dyes developed via intramolecular cyclization show promise for live-cell bioimaging.
  • These advancements can overcome previous limitations, enabling better visualization of intracellular structures.
  • Future applications in single-molecule localization microscopy and in vivo imaging are expected.