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Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Health Assessed in the Population-Based CHRIS Study Using Reduced

Giulia Barbieri1, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen2, Rebecca Lundin3

  • 1Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Bozen, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Journal of Renal Nutrition : the Official Journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation
|March 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary patterns significantly impact kidney health, especially in individuals with existing conditions. Specific dietary habits are linked to better kidney function, suggesting tailored interventions can be effective for disease management.

Keywords:
Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) Studychronic kidney diseasedietdietary patternsfood frequency questionnairekidney functionreduced rank regression

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diet is crucial for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The role of diet in CKD prevention within the general population requires further investigation.
  • Understanding disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) can inform both prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) using reduced rank regression (RRR).
  • To investigate the association between these DPs and kidney function in healthy individuals and those with pre-existing conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 8,686 participants in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study.
  • Assessed diet using a food frequency questionnaire, focusing on sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein intake.
  • Employed RRR to identify DPs and multiple regression models to analyze associations with kidney outcomes (eGFR, albuminuria).

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct DPs based on nutrient profiles.
  • Observed varied associations between DPs and kidney outcomes, differing by individual group and sex.
  • Found that DPs had a stronger association with kidney outcomes than individual nutrients.

Conclusions:

  • RRR is effective for identifying disease-related DPs and assessing combined nutrient effects on kidney health.
  • Heterogeneous associations suggest specificity in how dietary patterns impact kidney function versus damage.
  • Specific dietary habits in individuals with kidney disease, hypertension, or diabetes correlate with improved kidney health, supporting targeted dietary interventions.