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A Review Of Host-Specific Diagnostic And Surrogate Biomarkers In Children With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Junaid Shaik1, Manormoney Pillay2, Prakash Jeena3
1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Road, Berea, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|March 23, 2024
Summary
Diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis (TB) and monitoring treatment response remain challenging. While no single host biomarker is definitive, research explores biosignatures for disease activity in TB and HIV/TB co-infected children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Biomarker research
- Global health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global cause of mortality, with increasing pediatric cases.
- Current laboratory diagnostics for TB and treatment monitoring have significant limitations.
- Host- and pathogen-specific biomarkers are actively being researched to improve TB diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on host-specific biomarkers for TB diagnosis and treatment response in children.
- To evaluate the utility of these biomarkers in both TB-infected and HIV/TB co-infected children undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of host-specific biomarkers in pediatric tuberculosis.
- Analysis of studies focusing on diagnosis and treatment response assessment.
- Inclusion of data from TB-infected and HIV/TB co-infected children.
Main Results:
- No single host-specific biomarker has been identified for definitive diagnosis or treatment response in children with TB.
- Several studies indicate potential predictive biosignatures for TB disease activity.
- Data on host-specific biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring treatment in HIV/TB co-infected children is notably insufficient.
Conclusions:
- Current host-specific biomarkers lack the specificity for diagnosing pediatric TB or assessing treatment response.
- Predictive biosignatures show promise but require further validation.
- The interpretation of host-specific biomarker data must account for various influencing factors, especially in co-infected populations.
- More research is urgently needed for effective biomarker utilization in TB/HIV co-infected children.
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