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The lunar dust environment: concerns for Moon-based astronomy.

Mihály Horányi1, Jamey R Szalay2, Xu Wang1

  • 1Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 24, 2024
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Lunar dust poses significant challenges for astronomical observatories on the Moon. Both natural processes and human activities create dust hazards that could impact sensitive equipment and operations.

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dust hazardmoonnear-surface dusty plasmas

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and astrophysics
  • Lunar science
  • Planetary science

Background:

  • The Moon's airless environment is advantageous for astronomical observations, particularly radio telescopes on the far side.
  • However, the lunar surface is subject to constant bombardment by interplanetary dust particles.
  • Lunar regolith particles can become electrically charged, leading to mobilization and transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges posed by lunar dust for astronomical observatories.
  • To discuss the dual nature of dust hazards: natural and anthropogenic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on lunar dust behavior.
  • Analysis of natural dust transport mechanisms (impacts, electrostatic forces).
  • Consideration of dust generation from human activities (rocket firings, vehicle traffic).

Main Results:

  • Interplanetary dust impacts cause regolith disturbance and ejecta.
  • Electrostatically charged lunar regolith particles can be mobilized and transported.
  • Human activities like rocket landings and vehicle use significantly increase dust levels.

Conclusions:

  • Lunar dust presents a substantial hazard to sensitive astronomical instruments and mechanical structures.
  • Mitigation strategies are crucial for the safe and optimal use of lunar-based optical and radio telescopes.
  • Understanding and managing lunar dust is essential for future lunar astronomy initiatives.