Microbiome interactions with different risk factors in development of myocardial infarction

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Cardiovascular disease
• Gut-heart-oral axis

Background:

• Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality, with Myocardial Infarction (MI) accounting for a significant portion.
• MI risk factors include genetics, lifestyle, and infections, all influenced by gut and oral microbiota and their metabolites.
• The interplay between the human microbiome, nutrients, metabolites, and CVDs is significant, yet the gut-heart-oral axis remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the interactions between the oral and gut microbiome and major risk factors in Myocardial Infarction (MI) development.
• To highlight the role of host genetics, aging, gender, and ancestral differences in MI susceptibility and severity.
• To discuss the potential for therapeutic regulation through microbiome modulation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on the microbiome, risk factors, and Myocardial Infarction.
• Analysis of the interplay between microbial dysbiosis, host genetics, and environmental factors.
• Exploration of the gut-heart-oral axis in the context of cardiovascular health.

Main Results:

• The human gut and oral microbiota, their diversity, richness, dysbiosis, and metabolites significantly influence MI risk factors.
• Host genetic factors, particularly variations in signaling and inflammatory markers, impact disease progression.
• Age-related changes, gender, and ancestral differences contribute to distinct disease susceptibility and severity.

Conclusions:

• The microbiome plays a critical role in the development and progression of Myocardial Infarction.
• Understanding the complex gut-heart-oral axis interactions with host genetics and lifestyle factors is crucial for MI prevention and treatment.
• Targeting the microbiome offers a promising avenue for therapeutic regulation of MI.