Effects of urban green space landscape pattern on flood retention efficiency from "urban-block" scale perspective

Under the background of frequent flood disasters and stock planning challenges, clarifying the relationship and mechanism of urban green space landscape patterns and flood retention efficiency at multiple spatial scales has become a critical scientific issue in realizing the maximum flood retention efficiency of limited urban green spaces and improving the capabilities of urban flood control. We reviewed and summarized the factors, mechanisms, and scale differences in the influence of green space landscape patterns on flood retention efficacy at the urban and block scales. Based on the causes for differences in conclusions and research deficiencies, we suggested that future studies should focus on watershed-scale research and expand the investigation into three-dimensional green space landscape patterns. Additionally, attention should be paid to urban and suburban areas separately, and a set of research indices with indicative significance for the flooding process should be established for different flood-sensitive areas and block structures. These measures will help quantitatively reveal how green space landscape patterns of urban and block scales affect flooding process, providing theoretical guidance for urban planning and establishing urban flood safety patterns.