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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

179
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

142
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

325
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Keertan Dheda1,2, Fuad Mirzayev3, Daniela Maria Cirillo4

  • 1Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. keertan.dheda@uct.ac.za.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|March 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) pose significant global health threats. New diagnostics and treatments are available, but guidance on managing these complex resistant TB forms is limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global infectious disease killer.
  • Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), is a growing public health concern worldwide.
  • DR-TB presents diagnostic and treatment challenges, higher mortality, and increased healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB).
  • To address the limited guidance on managing MDR-TB and XDR-TB, particularly for primary care physicians.
  • To cover pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention of DR-TB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DR-TB.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics for TB.
  • Synthesis of information on the clinical and public health aspects of DR-TB.

Main Results:

  • DR-TB, including pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and XDR-TB, is increasingly prevalent and difficult to treat.
  • Despite advances, significant challenges remain in diagnosis, management, and prevention.
  • DR-TB strains are as transmissible as drug-susceptible TB but have higher mortality and morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of DR-TB requires updated guidance and strategies for healthcare providers.
  • Continued research and development of new diagnostics and treatments are crucial.
  • Addressing DR-TB is essential for global TB control efforts, especially in high-burden regions.