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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Sequential Approach for Water Purification Using Seashell-Derived Calcium Oxide through Disinfection and Flocculation

Yuuki Hata1,2, Sumiyo Hiruma2, Hiromi Miyazaki2

  • 1Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan.

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|March 25, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces a novel water purification method using seashell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) for effective disinfection and chemical pollutant removal. The process offers a sustainable and visual indicator for safe drinking water, especially during emergencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Safe water access is critical, yet often limited in disaster-stricken areas or regions lacking treatment facilities.
  • Surface water requires disinfection and chemical pollutant removal for safe consumption.
  • Conventional water treatment can be complex and resource-intensive, especially during emergencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sustainable and effective water purification strategy using seashell-derived materials.
  • To investigate the disinfection efficacy of calcium oxide (CaO) and its hydration product, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
  • To assess the removal of diverse chemical pollutants through polyphosphate-assisted flocculation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized seashell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) for water disinfection.
  • Employed sodium polyphosphate for flocculation of CaO/Ca(OH)2 particles and adsorbed chemical pollutants.
  • Investigated the removal of specific chemical pollutants including Congo red, DDT, DEHP, and PCBs.
  • Monitored pH changes and calcium carbonate precipitation during the purification process.

Main Results:

  • >99.999% bacterial inactivation achieved with CaO due to Ca(OH)2 alkalinity.
  • Sodium polyphosphate effectively flocculated CaO/Ca(OH)2 particles, removing chemical contaminants.
  • Purified water pH self-adjusted from ~12.5 to ~9 via atmospheric CO2 absorption and CaCO3 precipitation.
  • Seashell-derived CaO offers a visual indicator for disinfection saturation.

Conclusions:

  • Seashell-derived CaO and polyphosphate offer a viable, sustainable strategy for water purification.
  • The method effectively addresses both microbial contamination and chemical pollutants.
  • The self-adjusting pH and visual indicator properties enhance its practical applicability, particularly in emergency situations.