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Definitive Review of Nanobiochar.

Abhishek Kumar Chaubey1, Tej Pratap1, Brahmacharimayum Preetiva1

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Nanobiochar, derived from bulk biochar, offers significantly enhanced properties like increased surface area and pore volume. These advanced nanomaterials show great potential in contaminant sorption, catalysis, and drug delivery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Bulk biochar is a widely used material, but its properties can be limiting for advanced applications.
  • Nanobiochar represents an evolution of biochar, engineered at the nanoscale for superior performance.
  • The development of nanobiochar opens new avenues for environmental remediation and advanced material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis methods for nanobiochar from bulk biochar.
  • To highlight the enhanced properties of nanobiochar compared to its bulk counterpart.
  • To explore the diverse applications of nanobiochar, including contaminant sorption and catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Top-down approaches such as ball-milling, centrifugation, sonication, and hydrothermal synthesis are employed for nanobiochar production.
  • Modification and engineering techniques are used to create "engineered nanobiochar" and biochar nanocomposites.
  • Characterization of enhanced surface area, pore size, pore volume, and surface functionalities.

Main Results:

  • Nanobiochar exhibits significant increases in surface area (0.4-97x), pore size (0.1-5.3x), and total pore volume (0.5-48.5x) over bulk biochars.
  • Enhanced properties lead to improved contaminant sorption in aqueous and soil environments.
  • Nanobiochar demonstrates potential in catalysis, sensors, drug delivery, and as polymer additives.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobiochar offers substantial property enhancements over bulk biochar, enabling advanced applications.
  • The synthesis and modification of nanobiochar are key to unlocking its full potential.
  • Further research into nanobiochar synthesis, mechanisms, and applications is recommended for future development.